[Archeo] Il computer di Antikythera

---

Scritto da: ZuppAdISCo 14/03/2007 15.58
Sisi...Questa l'ho sentita pure io...Però si parla di computer quando ci si ritrova davanti ad un calcolatore meccanico (anche se il riferimento è chiarissimo)...Che tosto cmq l'uomo!!!

---

---

Michael Wright, formerly Curator of Mechanical Engineering at The London Science Museum, and now of Imperial College, London, made a completely new study of the original fragments together with Allan Bromley (historian). They used a technique called linear X-Ray tomography which was suggested by retired consultant radiologist, Alan Partridge. For this, Wright designed and made apparatus for linear tomography, allowing the generation of sectional 2D radiographic images[36].

Early results of this survey were presented in 1997, which showed that Price's reconstruction was fundamentally flawed[37]. However, at the time Bromley was already suffering from Hodgkin's disease and died in 2002.

Further study of the new imagery allowed Wright to advance a number of proposals. Firstly he developed the idea, suggested by Price in "Gears from the Greeks", that the mechanism could have served as a planetarium. Wright's planetarium not only modelled the motion of the Sun and Moon, but also the Inferior Planets; Mercury and Venus, and the Superior Planets; Mars, Jupiter and Saturn[40 & 41].

Wright proposed that the Sun and Moon could have moved in accordance with the theories of Hipparchos, and the five known planets moved according to the simple epicyclic theory suggested by the theorem of Apollonios. In order to prove that this was possible using the level of technology apparent in the mechanism, Wright produced a working model of such a planetarium[38 & 39].

Wright also increased upon Price's gear count of 27 to 31[41] including 1 in Fragment C that was eventually identified as part of a Moon phase display[50]. He suggested that this is a mechanism that shows the phase of the Moon by means of a rotating semi-silvered ball, realized by the differential rotation of the sidereal cycle of the moon and the sun's yearly cycle. This precedes previously known mechanism of this sort by a millennium and a half.

More accurate tooth counts were also obtained [43], allowing a new gearing scheme to be advanced[44]. This more accurate information allowed Wright to confirm Price's perceptive suggestion that the upper back dial displays the Metonic cycle with 235 lunar months divisions over a five-turn scale. In addition to this Wright proposed the remarkable idea that the main back dials are in the form of spirals, with the upper back dial out as a five-turn spiral containing 47 divisions in each turn. It therefore presented a visual display of the 235 months of the Metonic cycle (19 years = 235 Synodic Months). Wright also observed that fragmentary inscriptions suggested that the pointer on the subsidiary dial showed a count of four cycles of the 19-year period, equal to the 76-year Callippic cycle[49].

Based on more tentative observations, Wright also came to the conclusion that the lower back dial counted Draconic Months and could perhaps been used for eclipse prediction[51].

All these findings have been incorporated into Wright's working model[51], demonstrating that a single mechanism with all these functions could not only be built, but would also work.

Despite the improved imagery provided by the linear tomography Wright could not reconcile all the known gears into a single coherent mechanism, and this led him to advance the theory that the mechanism had been altered, or modified, with some astronomical functions removed, and others added[51].

Finally, as an outcome of his considerable research[36 - 51], Wright also conclusively demonstrated that Price's assumption of the existence of a differential gearing arrangement was incorrect[50 & 51].

Michael Wright's research on the Mechanism is continuing in parallel with the efforts of the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project, and recently Wright has modified his model of the mechanism to incorporate the latest findings of the Project.

---

---

Scritto da: nanoguerriero 15/03/2007 13.12

---

Michael Wright, formerly Curator of Mechanical Engineering at The London Science Museum, and now of Imperial College, London, made a completely new study of the original fragments together with Allan Bromley (historian). They used a technique called linear X-Ray tomography which was suggested by retired consultant radiologist, Alan Partridge. For this, Wright designed and made apparatus for linear tomography, allowing the generation of sectional 2D radiographic images[36].

Early results of this survey were presented in 1997, which showed that Price's reconstruction was fundamentally flawed[37]. However, at the time Bromley was already suffering from Hodgkin's disease and died in 2002.

Further study of the new imagery allowed Wright to advance a number of proposals. Firstly he developed the idea, suggested by Price in "Gears from the Greeks", that the mechanism could have served as a planetarium. Wright's planetarium not only modelled the motion of the Sun and Moon, but also the Inferior Planets; Mercury and Venus, and the Superior Planets; Mars, Jupiter and Saturn[40 & 41].

Wright proposed that the Sun and Moon could have moved in accordance with the theories of Hipparchos, and the five known planets moved according to the simple epicyclic theory suggested by the theorem of Apollonios. In order to prove that this was possible using the level of technology apparent in the mechanism, Wright produced a working model of such a planetarium[38 & 39].

Wright also increased upon Price's gear count of 27 to 31[41] including 1 in Fragment C that was eventually identified as part of a Moon phase display[50]. He suggested that this is a mechanism that shows the phase of the Moon by means of a rotating semi-silvered ball, realized by the differential rotation of the sidereal cycle of the moon and the sun's yearly cycle. This precedes previously known mechanism of this sort by a millennium and a half.

More accurate tooth counts were also obtained [43], allowing a new gearing scheme to be advanced[44]. This more accurate information allowed Wright to confirm Price's perceptive suggestion that the upper back dial displays the Metonic cycle with 235 lunar months divisions over a five-turn scale. In addition to this Wright proposed the remarkable idea that the main back dials are in the form of spirals, with the upper back dial out as a five-turn spiral containing 47 divisions in each turn. It therefore presented a visual display of the 235 months of the Metonic cycle (19 years = 235 Synodic Months). Wright also observed that fragmentary inscriptions suggested that the pointer on the subsidiary dial showed a count of four cycles of the 19-year period, equal to the 76-year Callippic cycle[49].

Based on more tentative observations, Wright also came to the conclusion that the lower back dial counted Draconic Months and could perhaps been used for eclipse prediction[51].

All these findings have been incorporated into Wright's working model[51], demonstrating that a single mechanism with all these functions could not only be built, but would also work.

Despite the improved imagery provided by the linear tomography Wright could not reconcile all the known gears into a single coherent mechanism, and this led him to advance the theory that the mechanism had been altered, or modified, with some astronomical functions removed, and others added[51].

Finally, as an outcome of his considerable research[36 - 51], Wright also conclusively demonstrated that Price's assumption of the existence of a differential gearing arrangement was incorrect[50 & 51].

Michael Wright's research on the Mechanism is continuing in parallel with the efforts of the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project, and recently Wright has modified his model of the mechanism to incorporate the latest findings of the Project.

---

wikipedia parla di questo michael wright come l'ultimo che ha condotto ricerche su di esso...la mia conoscenza dell'inglese non è perfetta, ma da quello che ho capito era un macchinario costruibile con le conoscenze del suo tempo...nulla di inspiegabile quindi...

---

---

Scritto da: nanoguerriero 15/03/2007 13.12

---

Michael Wright, formerly Curator of Mechanical
Wright proposed that the Sun and Moon could have moved in accordance with the theories of Hipparchos, and the five known planets moved according to the simple epicyclic theory suggested by the theorem of Apollonios. In order to prove that this was possible using the level of technology apparent in the mechanism, Wright produced a working model of such a planetarium[38 & 39].

---

io mi riferivo a questo passaggio. indica che i greci conoscevano l'uso degli ingranaggi, ma che in ogni caso, avevano da loro i mezzi per conoscere e prevedere tutto quello che hai detto.

--------------------------------------------------

°o¤ø, ̧ ̧,ø¤o°`°o¤ø, ̧~2oo9~W i ToKiO HoTeL ™~2o1o~°o¤ø, ̧ ̧,ø¤o°`°o¤ø, ̧

Per Favore se possibile datemi una mano qui (nn sono giochi scemi, è per la tesina):
http://totalwargamesitalia.freeforumzone.leonardo.it/discussione.aspx?idd=8793058&

---

Scritto da: nanoguerriero 15/03/2007 15.49


io mi riferivo a questo passaggio. indica che i greci conoscevano l'uso degli ingranaggi, ma che in ogni caso, avevano da loro i mezzi per conoscere e prevedere tutto quello che hai detto.

---

---

Scritto da: =Telcontar= 15/03/2007 20.36
Da quello che so io, questi aggeggi erano abbastanza comuni nelle case delle persone ricche...
Comunque, dopotutto a quei tempi conoscevano molte cose: per esempio il diametro della terra o che la materia è fatta di atomi, o molte altre cose, e non tutti erano d'accordo con tolomeo . E' solo dopo che abbiamo fatto moltissimi passi indietro (per colpa dei barbari ma soprattutto per la chiesa che credeva alla lettera alla bibbia, mia opinione)

---